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Physics
A particle's rest energy in special relativity
In Einstein's special relativity, the rest energy of a mass \(m\) is \(E = mc^2\), where \(c\) is the speed of light in a vacuum.
Physics
Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic waves
Maxwell's equations in a vacuum describe a wave propagating at speed \(c\) as the interaction of electric field \(E\) and magnetic field \(B\): \(\nabla \cdot E = 0\), \(\nabla \times E = -\frac{\partial B}{\partial t}\), \(\nabla \cdot B = 0\), \(\nabla \times B = \frac{1}{c^2} \frac{\partial E}{\partial t}\).
Mathematics
Sannon's entropy
Shannon's entropy, \(H(X) = -\sum_{x \in \mathbf{X}} p(x) \log p(x)\), measures how informative the mass function \(p\) is about the occurrence of the possible values of variable \(X\).